Cleaved LC3A Antibody

Provided below are standard protocols that you may find useful for product applications.

BACKGROUND

Macroautophagy is the major inducible pathway for the general turnover of cytoplasmic constituents in eukaryotic cells, it is also responsible for the degradation of active cytoplasmic enzymes and organelles during nutrient starvation. Macroautophagy involves the formation of double-membrane bound autophagosomes which enclose the cytoplasmic constituent targeted for degradation in a membrane bound structure, which then fuse with the lysosome (or vacuole) releasing a single-membrane bound autophagic bodies which are then degraded within the lysosome (or vacuole). MAP1A and MAP1B are microtubule-associated proteins which mediate the physical interactions between microtubules and components of the cytoskeleton. These proteins are involved in formation of autophagosomal vacuoles (autophagosomes). MAP1A and MAP1B each consist of a heavy chain subunit and multiple light chain subunits. MAP1LC3a is one of the light chain subunits and can associate with either MAP1A or MAP1B. The precursor molecule is cleaved by APG4B/ATG4B to form the cytosolic form, LC3-I. This is activated by APG7L/ATG7, transferred to ATG3 and conjugated to phospholipid to form the membrane-bound form, LC3-II.

REFERENCES

References for protein:
1.Baehrecke EH. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol. 6(6):505-10. (2005)
2.Lum JJ, et al. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol. 6(6):439-48. (2005)
3.Greenberg JT. Dev Cell. 8(6):799-801. (2005)
4. Levine B. Cell. 120(2):159-62. (2005)
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6.Tanida I., et al. Int. J. Biochem. Cell Biol. 36:2503-2518(2004)
7.He H., et al. J. Biol. Chem. 278:29278-29287(2003)
8.Tanida I., et al. J. Biol. Chem. 279:36268-36276(2004)
References for U251 cell line:
1. Westermark B.; Pontén J.; Hugosson R. (1973).” Determinants for the establishment of permanent tissue culture lines from human gliomas”. Acta Pathol Microbiol Scand A. 81:791-805. [PMID: 4359449].
2. Pontén, J.,Westermark B. (1978).” Properties of Human Malignant Glioma Cells in Vitro”. Medical Biology 56: 184-193.[PMID: 359950].
3. Geng Y.;Kohli L.; Klocke B.J.; Roth K.A.(2010). “Chloroquine-induced autophagic vacuole accumulation and cell death in glioma cells is p53 independent”. Neuro Oncol. 12(5): 473–481.[ PMID: 20406898].