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Rabbit Anti-beta III Tubulin Polyclonal Antibody
Purified Rabbit Polyclonal Antibody (Pab)
- 产品详情
- 文献引用 : 1
- 实验流程
- 背景知识
Application 
| WB, IHC-P, IHC-F, IF, ICC, E |
|---|---|
| Primary Accession | Q13509 |
| Reactivity | Human, Mouse, Rat |
| Host | Rabbit |
| Clonality | Polyclonal |
| Calculated MW | 50433 Da |
| Physical State | Liquid |
| Immunogen | KLH conjugated synthetic peptide derived from human beta III Tubulin |
| Epitope Specificity | 401-450/450 |
| Isotype | IgG |
| Purity | affinity purified by Protein A |
| Buffer | 0.01M TBS (pH7.4) with 1% BSA, 0.02% Proclin300 and 50% Glycerol. |
| SUBCELLULAR LOCATION | Cytoplasm, cytoskeleton. |
| SIMILARITY | Belongs to the tubulin family. |
| SUBUNIT | Dimer of alpha and beta chains. |
| Post-translational modifications | Some glutamate residues at the C-terminus arepolyglutamylated. This modification occurs exclusively on glutamateresidues and results in polyglutamate chains on the gamma-carboxylgroup. Also monoglycylated but not polyglycylated due to theabsence of functional TTLL10 in human. Monoglycylation is mainlylimited to tubulin incorporated into axonemes (cilia and flagella)whereas glutamylation is prevalent in neuronal cells, centrioles,axonemes, and the mitotic spindle. Both modifications can coexiston the same protein on adjacent residues, and lowering glycylationlevels increases polyglutamylation, and reciprocally. The precisefunction of such modifications is still unclear but they regulatethe assembly and dynamics of axonemal microtubules (Probable). Phosphorylated on Ser-172 by CDK1 during the cell cycle, frommetaphase to telophase, but not in interphase. This phosphorylationinhibits tubulin incorporation into microtubules. |
| DISEASE | Defects in TUBB3 are the cause of congenital fibrosis ofextraocular muscles type 3A (CFEOM3A) [MIM:600638]. A congenitalocular motility disorder marked by restrictive ophthalmoplegiaaffecting extraocular muscles innervated by the oculomotor and/ortrochlear nerves. It is clinically characterized by anchoring ofthe eyes in downward gaze, ptosis, and backward tilt of the head.Congenital fibrosis of extraocular muscles type 3 presents as anon-progressive, autosomal dominant disorder with variableexpression. Patients may be bilaterally or unilaterally affected,and their oculo-motility defects range from completeophthalmoplegia (with the eyes fixed in a hypo- and exotropicposition), to mild asymptomatic restrictions of ocular movement.Ptosis, refractive error, amblyopia, and compensatory headpositions are associated with the more severe forms of thedisorder. In some cases the ocular phenotype is accompanied byadditional features including developmental delay, corpus callosumagenesis, basal ganglia dysmorphism, facial weakness,polyneuropathy. Defects in TUBB3 are the cause of cortical dysplasiacomplex with other brain malformations (CDCBM) [MIM:614039]. CDCBMis a disorder of aberrant neuronal migration and disturbed axonalguidance. Affected individuals have mild to severe mentalretardation, strabismus, axial hypotonia, and spasticity. Brainimaging shows variable malformations of cortical development,including polymicrogyria, gyral disorganization, and fusion of thebasal ganglia, as well as thin corpus callosum, hypoplasticbrainstem, and dysplastic cerebellar vermis. Extraocular musclesare not involved. |
| Important Note | This product as supplied is intended for research use only, not for use in human, therapeutic or diagnostic applications. |
| Background Descriptions | Neuronal Marker Beta III tubulin is abundant in the central and peripheral nervous systems (CNS and PNS) where it is prominently expressed during fetal and postnatal development. As exemplified in cerebellar and sympathoadrenal neurogenesis, the distribution of beta III is neuron-associated, exhibiting distinct temporospatial gradients according to the regional neuroepithelia of origin. However, transient expression of this protein is also present in the subventricular zones of the CNS comprising putative neuronal- and/or glial precursor cells, as well as in Kulchitsky neuroendocrine cells of the fetal respiratory epithelium. This temporally restricted, potentially non-neuronal expression may have implications in the identification of presumptive neurons derived from embryonic stem cells. |
| Gene ID | 10381 |
|---|---|
| Other Names | CDCBM; FEOM3; TUBB4; CDCBM1; CFEOM3; beta-4; CFEOM3A; Tubulin beta-3 chain; Tubulin beta-4 chain; Tubulin beta-III; TUBB3 |
| Target/Specificity | Expression is primarily restricted to centraland peripheral nervous system. Greatly increased expression in mostcancerous tissues. |
| Dilution | WB=1:500-2000,IHC-P=1:100-500,IHC-F=1:100-500,ICC=1:100,IF=1:200-800,Flow-Cyt=1 µg/Test,ELISA=1:5000-10000 |
| Format | 0.01M TBS(pH7.4) with 1% BSA, 0.09% (W/V) sodium azide and 50% Glyce |
| Storage | Store at -20 °C for one year. Avoid repeated freeze/thaw cycles. When reconstituted in sterile pH 7.4 0.01M PBS or diluent of antibody the antibody is stable for at least two weeks at 2-4 °C. |
| Name | TUBB3 |
|---|---|
| Synonyms | TUBB4 |
| Function | Tubulin is the major constituent of microtubules, protein filaments consisting of alpha- and beta-tubulin heterodimers (PubMed:34996871, PubMed:38305685, PubMed:38609661). Microtubules grow by the addition of GTP-tubulin dimers to the microtubule end, where a stabilizing cap forms (PubMed:34996871, PubMed:38305685, PubMed:38609661). Below the cap, alpha-beta tubulin heterodimers are in GDP-bound state, owing to GTPase activity of alpha-tubulin (PubMed:34996871, PubMed:38609661). TUBB3 plays a critical role in proper axon guidance and maintenance (PubMed:20074521). Binding of NTN1/Netrin-1 to its receptor UNC5C might cause dissociation of UNC5C from polymerized TUBB3 in microtubules and thereby lead to increased microtubule dynamics and axon repulsion (PubMed:28483977). Plays a role in dorsal root ganglion axon projection towards the spinal cord (PubMed:28483977). |
| Cellular Location | Cytoplasm, cytoskeleton. Cell projection, growth cone {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:Q9ERD7}. Cell projection, lamellipodium {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:Q9ERD7}. Cell projection, filopodium {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:Q9ERD7} |
| Tissue Location | Expression is primarily restricted to central and peripheral nervous system. Greatly increased expression in most cancerous tissues. |
Research Areas
For Research Use Only. Not For Use In Diagnostic Procedures.
Application Protocols
Provided below are standard protocols that you may find useful for product applications.
BACKGROUND
Tubulin is the major constituent of microtubules. It binds two moles of GTP, one at an exchangeable site on the beta chain and one at a non-exchangeable site on the alpha chain. TUBB3 plays a critical role in proper axon guidance and mantainance.
REFERENCES
Ranganathan S.,et al.Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1395:237-245(1998).
Banerjee A.,et al.Submitted (OCT-2001) to the EMBL/GenBank/DDBJ databases.
Lubec G.,et al.Submitted (DEC-2008) to UniProtKB.
Katsetos C.D.,et al.J. Child Neurol. 18:851-866(2003).
Katsetos C.D.,et al.J. Child Neurol. 19:531-531(2004).
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