GITR Ligand Fc Chimera, Human

Product Information
Primary Accession	Q9UNG2
Species	Human
Sequence	Glu74-Ser199
Purity	> 95% as analyzed by SDS-PAGE
Endotoxin Level	< 0.1 EU/ µg of protein by gel clotting method
Biological Activity	Immobilized GITR, hFc, Human (Cat. No.: Z03440) at 5.0 µg/ml (100 µl/well) can bind human biotinylated GITR Ligand, hFc, Human when detected by Streptavidin-HRP.
Expression System	HEK 293
Formulation	Lyophilized from a 0.2 µm filtered solution in PBS, 5% trehalose and mannitol.
Reconstitution	It is recommended that this vial be briefly centrifuged prior to opening to bring the contents to the bottom. Reconstitute the lyophilized powder in ddH₂O or PBS up to 100 µg/ml.
Storage & Stability	Upon receiving, this product remains stable for up to 6 months at lower than -70°C. Upon reconstitution, the product should be stable for up to 1 week at 4°C or up to 3 months at -20°C. For long term storage it is recommended that a carrier protein (example 0.1% BSA) be added. Avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles.

Additional Information
Gene ID	8995
Other Names	Tumor necrosis factor ligand superfamily member 18, Activation-inducible TNF-related ligand, AITRL, Glucocorticoid-induced TNF-related ligand, hGITRL, TNFSF18 (HGNC:11932), AITRL, GITRL, TL6
Target Background	GITR Ligand, also known as TNFSF18 and TL6, is an approximately 30 kDa type II transmembrane glycoprotein in the TNF superfamily (1). Human GITR Ligand consists of a 50 amino acid cytoplasmic domain, a 21 aa transsmembrane segment, and a 128 aa extracellular domain (ECD). Within the ECD, human GITR Ligand shares 56% and 60% aa sequence identity with mouse and rat GITR Ligand, respectively. TNFSF18 is expressed at high levels in the small intestine, ovary, testis, kidney and endothelial cells. GITRL/TNFSF18 is up-regulated after stimulation by bacterial lipopolysaccharides (LPS). TNFSF18 Can function as costimulator and lower the threshold for T-cell activation and T-cell proliferation. TNFSF18 / GITR Ligand is important for interactions between activated T-lymphocytes and endothelial cells.Recombinant Human GITR Ligand Fc Chimera produced in HEK293 cells is a polypeptide chain containing 359 amino acids with the C-termimal human IgG1 Fc fragment. A fully biologically active molecule, rhGITRL has a molecular mass of 50 kDa analyzed by reducing SDS-PAGE and is obtained by chromatographic techniques at GenScript.

Protein Information
Name	TNFSF18 (HGNC:11932)
Synonyms	AITRL, GITRL, TL6
Function	Cytokine that binds to TNFRSF18/AITR/GITR. Regulates T-cell responses. Can function as costimulator and lower the threshold for T- cell activation and T-cell proliferation. Important for interactions between activated T-lymphocytes and endothelial cells. Mediates activation of NF-kappa-B. Triggers increased phosphorylation of STAT1 and up-regulates expression of VCAM1 and ICAM1 (PubMed:23892569). Promotes leukocyte adhesion to endothelial cells (PubMed:23892569). Regulates migration of monocytes from the splenic reservoir to sites of inflammation (By similarity).
Cellular Location	Cell membrane; Single-pass type II membrane protein
Tissue Location	Expressed at high levels in the small intestine, ovary, testis, kidney and endothelial cells