C4d-A Rabbit pAb

Tissue/cell: mouse liver tissue; 4% Paraformaldehyde-fixed and paraffin-embedded;
Antigen retrieval: citrate buffer ( 0.01M, pH 6.0 ), Boiling bathing for 15min; Block endogenous peroxidase by 3% Hydrogen peroxide for 30min; Blocking buffer (normal goat serum,C-0005) at 37℃ for 20 min;
Incubation: Anti-C4d-A Polyclonal Antibody, Unconjugated(AP54268) 1:200, overnight at 4°C, followed by conjugation to the secondary antibody(SP-0023) and DAB(C-0010) staining

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Product Information
Application Applications Legend: E=ELISA WB=Western Blotting IHC=Immunohistochemistry IHC-P=Immunohistochemistry (Paraffin) IP=Immunoprecipitation IF=Immunofluorescence IC=Immunochemistry ICC=Immunocytochemistry FC=Flow Cytometry DB=Dot Blot	IHC-P, IHC-F, IF
Primary Accession	P0C0L4
Reactivity	Mouse
Predicted	Human
Host	Rabbit
Clonality	Polyclonal
Calculated MW	192785 Da
Physical State	Liquid
Immunogen	KLH conjugated synthetic peptide derived from human C4d-A
Epitope Specificity	1001-1100/1744
Isotype	IgG
Purity	affinity purified by Protein A
Buffer	0.01M TBS (pH7.4) with 1% BSA, 0.02% Proclin300 and 50% Glycerol.
SUBCELLULAR LOCATION	Secreted.
DISEASE	Defects in C4A are the cause of complement component 4A deficiency (C4AD). A rare defect of the complement classical pathway associated with the development of autoimmune disorders, mainly systemic lupus with or without associated glomerulonephritis.
Important Note	This product as supplied is intended for research use only, not for use in human, therapeutic or diagnostic applications.
Background Descriptions	This gene encodes the acidic form of complement factor 4, part of the classical activation pathway. The protein is expressed as a single chain precursor which is proteolytically cleaved into a trimer of alpha, beta, and gamma chains prior to secretion. The trimer provides a surface for interaction between the antigen-antibody complex and other complement components. The alpha chain may be cleaved to release C4 anaphylatoxin, a mediator of local inflammation. Deficiency of this protein is associated with systemic lupus erythematosus and type I diabetes mellitus. This gene localizes to the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class III region on chromosome 6. Varying haplotypes of this gene cluster exist, such that individuals may have 1, 2, or 3 copies of this gene. Two transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2011].

Additional Information
Gene ID	720;721
Other Names	Complement C4-A, Acidic complement C4, C3 and PZP-like alpha-2-macroglobulin domain-containing protein 2, Complement C4 beta chain, Complement C4-A alpha chain, C4a anaphylatoxin, Complement C4b-A, Complement C4b-alpha' chain, Complement C4d-A, Complement C4 gamma chain, C4A {ECO:0000303\|PubMed:6546707, ECO:0000312\|HGNC:HGNC:1323}
Dilution	IHC-P=1:100-500,IHC-F=1:100-500,IF=1:100-500
Storage	Store at -20 °C for one year. Avoid repeated freeze/thaw cycles. When reconstituted in sterile pH 7.4 0.01M PBS or diluent of antibody the antibody is stable for at least two weeks at 2-4 °C.

For Research Use Only. Not For Use In Diagnostic Procedures.

Protein Information
Name	C4A {ECO:0000303\|PubMed:6546707, ECO:0000312\|HGNC:HGNC:1323}
Function	Precursor of non-enzymatic components of the classical, lectin and GZMK complement pathways, which consist in a cascade of proteins that leads to phagocytosis and breakdown of pathogens and signaling that strengthens the adaptive immune system.
Cellular Location	Secreted. Synapse Cell projection, axon. Cell projection, dendrite [Complement C4b-A]: Secreted. Cell surface. Note=Covalently associated with the surface of pathogens: the internal thioester bond reacts with carbohydrate antigens on the target surface to form amide or ester bonds.
Tissue Location	Complement component C4 is expressed at highest levels in the liver, at moderate levels in the adrenal cortex, adrenal medulla, thyroid gland, and the kidney, and at lowest levels in the heart, ovary, small intestine, thymus, pancreas and spleen (PubMed:11367523). The extra-hepatic sites of expression may be important for the local protection and inflammatory response (PubMed:11367523).

Research Areas

Application Protocols

Provided below are standard protocols that you may find useful for product applications.

Western Blot Protocol

Blocking Peptides Protocol

Dot Blot Protocol

Immunohistochemistry Protocol

Immunofluorescence Protocol

Immunoprecipitation Protocol

Flow Cytomety Protocol

Cell Culture Protocol