癌症的基本特征包括细胞增殖、血管生成、迁移、凋亡逃避机制和细胞永生等。找到癌症发生过程中这些通路的关键标记物和对应的抗体用于检测至关重要。
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TRIM21 Antibody
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- 背景知识
Application 
| WB, IF, E, IHC-P |
|---|---|
| Primary Accession | P19474 |
| Other Accession | NP_003132, 15208660 |
| Reactivity | Human |
| Host | Rabbit |
| Clonality | Polyclonal |
| Isotype | IgG |
| Calculated MW | 54170 Da |
| Concentration (mg/ml) | 1 mg/mL |
| Conjugate | Unconjugated |
| Application Notes | TRIM21 antibody can be used for detection of TRIM21 by Western blot at 0.5 - 1 µg/ml. Antibody can also be used for Immunohistochemistry at 5 µg/mL. For Immunoflorescence start at 20 µg/mL. |
| Gene ID | 6737 |
|---|---|
| Other Names | E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase TRIM21, 6.3.2.-, 52 kDa Ro protein, 52 kDa ribonucleoprotein autoantigen Ro/SS-A, RING finger protein 81, Ro(SS-A), Sjoegren syndrome type A antigen, SS-A, Tripartite motif-containing protein 21, TRIM21, RNF81, RO52, SSA1 |
| Target/Specificity | TRIM21; TRIM21 antibody is human specific. This antibody is predicted to not cross-react with TRIM6. |
| Reconstitution & Storage | TRIM21 antibody can be stored at 4℃ for three months and -20℃, stable for up to one year. |
| Precautions | TRIM21 Antibody is for research use only and not for use in diagnostic or therapeutic procedures. |
| Name | TRIM21 (HGNC:11312) |
|---|---|
| Synonyms | RNF81, RO52, SSA1 |
| Function | E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase whose activity is dependent on E2 enzymes, UBE2D1, UBE2D2, UBE2E1 and UBE2E2 (PubMed:16297862, PubMed:16316627, PubMed:16472766, PubMed:16880511, PubMed:18022694, PubMed:18361920, PubMed:18641315, PubMed:18845142, PubMed:19675099, PubMed:26347139). Forms a ubiquitin ligase complex in cooperation with the E2 UBE2D2 that is used not only for the ubiquitination of USP4 and IKBKB but also for its self-ubiquitination (PubMed:16880511, PubMed:19675099). Component of cullin-RING-based SCF (SKP1-CUL1-F-box protein) E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase complexes such as SCF(SKP2)-like complexes (PubMed:16880511). A TRIM21-containing SCF(SKP2)-like complex is shown to mediate ubiquitination of CDKN1B ('Thr-187' phosphorylated- form), thereby promoting its degradation by the proteasome (PubMed:16880511). Monoubiquitinates IKBKB that will negatively regulates Tax-induced NF-kappa-B signaling (PubMed:19675099). Negatively regulates IFN-beta production post-pathogen recognition by catalyzing polyubiquitin-mediated degradation of IRF3 (PubMed:18641315). Mediates the ubiquitin-mediated proteasomal degradation of IgG1 heavy chain, which is linked to the VCP-mediated ER-associated degradation (ERAD) pathway (PubMed:18022694). Promotes IRF8 ubiquitination, which enhanced the ability of IRF8 to stimulate cytokine genes transcription in macrophages (By similarity). Plays a role in the regulation of the cell cycle progression (PubMed:16880511). Enhances the decapping activity of DCP2 (PubMed:18361920). Exists as a ribonucleoprotein particle present in all mammalian cells studied and composed of a single polypeptide and one of four small RNA molecules (PubMed:1985094, PubMed:8666824). At least two isoforms are present in nucleated and red blood cells, and tissue specific differences in RO/SSA proteins have been identified (PubMed:8666824). The common feature of these proteins is their ability to bind HY RNAs.2 (PubMed:8666824). Involved in the regulation of innate immunity and the inflammatory response in response to IFNG/IFN-gamma (PubMed:26347139). Organizes autophagic machinery by serving as a platform for the assembly of ULK1, Beclin 1/BECN1 and ATG8 family members and recognizes specific autophagy targets, thus coordinating target recognition with assembly of the autophagic apparatus and initiation of autophagy (PubMed:26347139). Also regulates autophagy through FIP200/RB1CC1 ubiquitination and subsequent decreased protein stability (PubMed:36359729). Represses the innate antiviral response by facilitating the formation of the NMI-IFI35 complex through 'Lys-63'- linked ubiquitination of NMI (PubMed:26342464). During viral infection, promotes cell pyroptosis by mediating 'Lys-6'-linked ubiquitination of ISG12a/IFI27, facilitating its translocation into the mitochondria and subsequent CASP3 activation (PubMed:36426955). When up-regulated through the IFN/JAK/STAT signaling pathway, promotes 'Lys-27'-linked ubiquitination of MAVS, leading to the recruitment of TBK1 and up- regulation of innate immunity (PubMed:29743353). Mediates 'Lys-63'- linked polyubiquitination of G3BP1 in response to heat shock, leading to stress granule disassembly (PubMed:36692217). |
| Cellular Location | Cytoplasm. Cytoplasmic vesicle, autophagosome. Nucleus. Cytoplasm, P-body. Cytoplasm, Stress granule. Note=Enters the nucleus upon exposure to nitric oxide (PubMed:18361920). Localizes to small dot- or rod-like structures in the cytoplasm, called processing bodies (P-bodies) that are located underneath the plasma membrane and also diffusely in the cytoplasm (PubMed:18361920). They are located along the microtubules and are highly motile in cells (PubMed:18361920). Colocalizes with DCP2 in P-bodies (PubMed:18361920). Localizes to stress granules in response to oxidative stress (PubMed:36692217). |
| Tissue Location | Isoform 1 and isoform 2 are expressed in fetal and adult heart and fetal lung |
For Research Use Only. Not For Use In Diagnostic Procedures.
Provided below are standard protocols that you may find useful for product applications.
BACKGROUND
TRIM21, a member of the tripartite motif (TRIM) family, is a part of the RoSSA ribonucleoprotein, which includes a single polypeptide and one of four small RNA molecules. The RoSSA particle localizes to both the cytoplasm and the nucleus (1). RoSSA interacts with autoantigens in patients with Sjogren syndrome and systemic lupus erythematosus (2). TRIM21 also acts as a cytosolic antibody receptor; detection of intracellular antibodies activate immune signaling by stimulating the transcription factor pathways of NF-kappaB, AP-1, IRF3, IRF5, and IRF7, resulting in the production of proinflammatory cytokines and the induction of an antiviral state (3).
REFERENCES
Oke V and Wahren-Herlenius M. The immunobiology of Ro52 (TRIM21) in autoimmunity: a critical review. J. Autoimmun. 2012; 39:77-82.
Frank MB, McCubbin VR, and Heldermon C. Expression and DNA binding of the human 52 kDa Ro/SSA autoantigen. Biochem. J. 1995; 305:359-62.
McEwan WA, Tam JC, Watkinson RE, et al. Intracellular antibody-bound pathogens stimulate immune signaling via the Fc receptor TRIM21. Nat. Immunol. 14:327-36.
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