MCP-1/MCAF/CCL2

Product Information
Primary Accession	P13500
Species	Human
Sequence	Gln24-Thr99
Purity	> 96% as analyzed by SDS-PAGE > 96% as analyzed by HPLC
Endotoxin Level	< 1 EU/ µg of protein by LAL method
Biological Activity	Fully biologically active when compared to standard. The biological activity determined by a chemotaxis bioassay using human monocytes is in a concentration range of 10.0-100.0 ng/ml.
Expression System	E. coli
Theoretical Molecular Weight	8.7 kDa
Formulation	Lyophilized from a 0.2 µm filtered solution in 20 mM PB, pH 7.4, 100 mM NaCl.
Reconstitution	It is recommended that this vial be briefly centrifuged prior to opening to bring the contents to the bottom. Reconstitute the lyophilized powder in sterile distilled water or aqueous buffer containing 0.1 % BSA to a concentration of 0.1-1.0 mg/ml.
Storage & Stability	Upon receiving, this product remains stable for up to 6 months at -70°C or -20°C. Upon reconstitution, the product should be stable for up to 1 week at 4°C or up to 3 months at -20°C. Avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles.

Additional Information
Gene ID	6347
Other Names	C-C motif chemokine 2, HC11, Monocyte chemoattractant protein 1, Monocyte chemotactic and activating factor, MCAF, Monocyte chemotactic protein 1, MCP-1, Monocyte secretory protein JE, Small-inducible cytokine A2, CCL2, MCP1, SCYA2
Target Background	CCL2, also known as monocyte chemotactic and activating factor (MCAF), was initially purified independently by two groups based on its ability to chemoattract monocytes. Subsequent to its cloning and sequencing, it became evident that this protein is also identical to the product of the human JE gene. The JE gene, originally identified in mouse fibroblasts, is a plateletderived growth factor (PDGF)inducible gene. The human CCL2 cDNA encodes a 99 amino acid residue precursor protein with a 23 residue hydrophobic signal peptide that is cleaved to generate the 76 residue mature protein. Natural CCL2 is heterogeneous in size due to the addition of Olinked carbohydrates and sialic acid residues. In addition to fibroblastsÍ¾ tumor cells, smooth muscle cells, endothelial cells, and mononuclear phagocytes can also produce CCL2 either constitutively or upon stimulation by various stimuli. CCL2 is a member of the β (CC) subfamily of chemokines. Recently, the existence of MCP2 and MCP3 with 62% and 73% amino acid identity respectively, to CCL2 have been reported.

Protein Information
Name	CCL2
Synonyms	MCP1, SCYA2
Function	Acts as a ligand for C-C chemokine receptor CCR2 (PubMed:10529171, PubMed:10587439, PubMed:9837883). Signals through binding and activation of CCR2 and induces a strong chemotactic response and mobilization of intracellular calcium ions (PubMed:10587439, PubMed:9837883). Exhibits a chemotactic activity for monocytes and basophils but not neutrophils or eosinophils (PubMed:8195247, PubMed:8627182, PubMed:9792674). May be involved in the recruitment of monocytes into the arterial wall during the disease process of atherosclerosis (PubMed:8107690).
Cellular Location	Secreted
Tissue Location	Expressed in the seminal plasma, endometrial fluid and follicular fluid (at protein level) (PubMed:23765988). Expressed in monocytes (PubMed:2513477).